Author:
M.YU. MARTYNOV^1,2, M.V. ZHURAVLEVA^3,4, N.S. VASYUKOVA⁵, E.V. KUZNETSOVA⁶, T.R. KAMENEVA⁷

¹Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
²Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia;
³Research Center for Examination of Medical Devices, Moscow, Russia;

⁴Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;

⁵Skriabin and Kovalenko Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Moscow, Russia;

⁶Research Institute for Healthcare and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia;

⁷Konchalovsky City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia

Summary:
We reviewed the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). OS plays a major role in programmed cell death, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, astroglial and microglial activation, and local inflammatory response. We also reviewed the current state of neuro- and cytoprotection studies and their translation in clinical practice. With respect to experimental and clinical data the efficacy of long term administration of multimodal cytoprotective drug with antioxidant effect — ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (Mexidol) is discussed during the acute and early recovery period after stroke. Keywords: stroke, reperfusion, oxidative stress, programmed cell death, apoptosis, ferroptosis, hemoglobin, neuroprotection, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, Mexidol.